Ch.+8+additional+resources

chapter 8 Young Children With Disabilities Learning Objectives 1. Identify the characteristics of the period of adolescence and the characteristics of adolescents who have learning disabilities. 2. Describe specific problems found at the secondary level of schooling that are not found at the elementary level. 3. Know the requirements within IDEA–2004 concerning transition plans for helping students go from school to adult life. 4. Describe approaches to instruction that are used with adolescents with learning disabilities. 5. Describe the philosophy of learning strategies instruction and give examples of learning strategies. 6. Discuss what is happening at the college level for young adults with learning disabilities. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Key Terms AND Definitions <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Students should take note of the following terms as they appear in this chapter. Students who have difficulty should refer to the glossary in Appendix E of the text or to the text page on which the term is discussed. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">accommodations<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Compliance with the regulations of Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that colleges allow for modifications and make reasonable adjustments for students with disabilities. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> This law provides protection of civil rights in areas of employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and telecommunications. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">attribution theory<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Students do not think they are responsible for their successes and failures, but think other factors, such as luck, are the cause of their successes or failures. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">background knowledge<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> The information that a student already knows about a topic. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">basic skills instruction<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Instruction focusing on direct teaching, especially in reading and mathematics. Students receive instruction at a level that approximates their achievement or instructional level. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">collaboration<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Partnerships between the content-area teachers and the special education teachers. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">content-area teachers<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> High school teachers whose primary orientation and expertise are in the subject matter of their specialty. In contrast, elementary teachers tend to have an orientation and more expertise in child development. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">functional skills or survival skills instruction<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Teaching survival skills to enable students to get along in the outside world. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">high-stakes testing<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Standards-based testing that results in critical decisions. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">learned helplessness<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> A trait of students with learning disabilities in which they exhibit passiveness and do not take on the responsibility for their own learning. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">performance standards<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Standards in the content areas that all students are expected to meet. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">reasonable accommodations<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Students with disabilities may have reasonable modifications in taking mandated state-wide tests. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Federal law that covers all agencies and institutions receiving financial assistance and that requires that no otherwise qualified handicapped individual shall be excluded from participation. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">strategies intervention model (SIM)<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> An instructional method for teaching learning strategies to adolescents with learning disabilities. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">transition<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> For adolescents, this term refers to the process of going from school to adult life. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">transition planning<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Planning for making the change from being a student to being an adult. Students with learning disabilities need help in this process. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">tutorial instruction<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> Teaching designed to help students meet requirements in their specific academic-content subjects and to achieve success in the regular curriculum. This teaching is usually accomplished through one-to-one instruction or in small groups. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">work-study program<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"> A high school program in which students are at a job for a portion of the day and go to school for a portion of the day. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Major Points <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">1. What are some special issues for students with learning disabilities at the secondary level? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Answer: // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">2. What are some approaches to teaching adolescents at the secondary level? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Answer: // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">3. Guidelines for teaching learning strategies include <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Answer: // <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">4. What are some issues regarding college students with learning disabilities? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">//<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Answer: //